Water heater



I Feb. 12, 1935. w. w. WILLIAMS WATER HEATER Filed March 25, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet l I N VEN TOR.

E ATTORNEYS.

WAL TER M h//LL 047/175 Feb. 12, 1935. w w, wlLLlAMs 1,991,186

WATER HEATER Feb. 12, 1935. w. w. WILLIAMS WATER HEATER Filed March :25;r 1953 IN VEN TOR. WHL TER W. W/L//MS .By d(O TTORNEYS.

.-lFeb- 12,1935- w. w. WILLIAMS WATER HEATER Filed March 25, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENToR. n/A TER w. WML/#M5 BY XO A Z A TTORNEYS.

thereof;

Patented; 12,` 1935` l e UNITED s 'mtasA N PATENT] oFFlc l. WATER HEATER `woltor w. Williams. Bloomington', n1.`

" nppnoafion iwamohuzsr` 1933,` serial No. 662,711- f 1 cloruro (01122136); .i

`This invention relates to water is heated from` the entireheating surface of the flue to transmit such Y heat to the surrounding water. It is another..

object of this invention to provides. small compact heater ofl this character `fordornestic purposes of horizontal cylindrical `form in ,whichl thev heat from a fluid fuel burner is conducted through a flue passing horizontally through thefheater contactedon all sides with the water contained therein. I

. i With these` and other objects invview, reference is made to the accompanying sheets of drawings` illustrating a` preferred form of this invention with the understandingthat minor'detail changes may be madewithout departing from `the scope In'the drawings; Figure 1 is a view in r y end elevation offa preferred lform of this heater.`

Figure 2 is a fragmentary View in side elevation, f

with parts broken away and shown in section of Figure 1.

l Figure 3 is a View in longitudinal central vertical section of this improved heater, with parts shown .in` side elevation.

Figure 4 is a detailview in section of the iiue taken on the line 4-4 of Figure'3 looking inthe direction of the arrows. l

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary detail view` partly in section taken on the line 5-r-5 of Fig-` ure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary detail View in end elevation of `Figure 5.

Figure 'I is a view in transverse "vertical section taken on the line '7-7 of Figure 3, looking in the direction of the arrows. o t f Figure 8 is a View in transverse vertical section taken on the linevvSf-S of Figure A3, looking in the direction of the-arrows.

` Figure-il is a view in transverse `Vertical section taken on the line 9-9 of Figures, looking in the direction ofthe arrows. l f i l Figure 10 is a View partly in end elevation and partly in vertical section taken on the line 10-r-10 of Figure 3, looking in the direction' of tl'learrows.`

j. Figure ll is av fragmentary.enlargedview of one of the ignitiongelectrodes, partly `in central. hori zontal section withpa'rts` Ashown 1in .top planview...

Figure 1 2 trentime, Settionlal "View )0f .haters at@v more particularly to theconstructionof a water direction of the arrows.

.Figure` 13 nis an enlarged detail `view elevation ofthe heat control. p Figure 14 is a view in side elevationof Figurel 13,

with the {cover` plate removed.

The embodiment of this inventionl as illustratedf V cylindricalcasing lrwhi h'r` is` closed at eachv end with a horizontal cylindrical includes a horizontal flue 2 preferably mounted in the end closure plates 3 an'd`4 eccentricallyto th`e"horizo`ntal axis of fthe."-y

casing 1 but out of contactftherewith and 'entende-f` e, l ing beyond the` salid end` closures ateaLclLend,`

The casing l is surroundedby an exterior spaced apart casing 5 with similarly spaced apartend's 116 lf andA 7 through whichthe flue 2 passes andthe.

space between the inner .and outer oas'ngand inner and `outer end closures fis filled with a heat insulating medium suchas asbestos Woolf."` Itis. preferable vto construct the inner and outer casings` L 1 and-with their respective end closures aswell i as the `flue 2 of metal. Itispreferable `to support the `heater inl horizontal position uponspacedY apart legs l8 at eachend in supporting `e`nga`ge`j"- ment with the .exterior extending endportions of(` `admitted Vto the interior' ofthe heater through the inlet pipe ,9, connected; e .l to any sourceof waterfsupply, andthe heated;

water whichentirely surrounds the flue 2 isconl nected from the heater by the .discharge pipe 10 to the iiue 2; Wateris its place .of use.

The iiue 2 supports a fluid .fuel` burner; rrieche anism atfone exterior end,the Aother `exterior end being provided with a closure plateill having a' reduced circular opening 12and extension leading.; from the bottom of the` flue to conduct, the 'gases of combustion therefrom to a smokepipe or stack i 13 leading to `a 'chimney or outsideatm'ospherer .The `endof theflue next to the fluid fuelv burn-.Q`

` ing 14 of refractory material, the lower portionlo'fz which terminates in a vertical end wall lllandf the upperjportion of which is cut aWayithere-,j above, as'shown Figures 3, 4, and 7, There-g; fractory sleeve 14 extendsapproximately one?" third ofjthe entire length of the flue`2. A reiracf` tory baiiie is Aprovided Ywhich includes an upper ing` mechanism is providedwith a vcylindrical lin,-`

flat horizontal `rnenlber `16 these supporting membersl'and 18 are similarly engaging` andresting' n .in'acentrally notched portion (of the end wall 1`5l `extenclslto the'opposite end closure 11"of the line" e andA engages the sidewalls vof the iiueQas Vsliiowrr cutaway `at the endadjacent the`wall'1`5,als' inf,

dicatedat 19 in Figure 3, and likewise the, portionA vof the horizontalmeinber v161s ,C1113 away atthe formed between the metal walls of the fiue and the upper side of the horizontal refractory member 16 to conduct the gases of combustion in contact with the metal walls of the flue to the further end thereof whereupon the gases are l divided and pass through the openings to enter the spaced apart passageways between the supportingV refractory members 17 and 18 and the metal casing of the flue until they impact upon the end wall 15 and are deflected through the openings 19 adjacentthereto and are united to pass through the central passageway between the refractory: supports 17 and 13 and come in contact with the bottomof the ue casing and thereafter pass out through the opening 12 in the end closure of the flue to the stack 13. rBy the l above construction it is seen that the gases of combustion of the uid fuel burner are passed back and forth to continuously contact the entire circumference of the flue 2 after they leave the combustion chamber formed by the walls 14 and 15 thereby transmitting the maximum amount of heatfrom said gases to the surrounding water.

By the particular arrangement of the nue passages, the greatest heat from the flame is transmitted to the hottestportion of the water and "is graduated downward toward the bottom. of the heater where the'cold water enters.

The fluid fuelbvurner mechanism supported upon the end of the flue 2 is preferably of the type illustrated in this applicants prior Patent 1,831,277 of November 10, 1931, embodying the improvements illustrated in this applicants copending application Serial No. 648,966, filed December 27,1932, with certain changes to adapt this particular type of fluid fuel burning mechanism to this particular purpose. As shown in Figure 3, the fluid fuel burner mechanism is mounted within a casing21 mounted on and supported by the exterior end of the flue 2. The casling 21 supports, preferably upon the upper side thereof, a housing 22 which supports and encloses anvelectric motor Mwith a blower fan 23 anda fluid fuel pump. 24 upon the horizontal driving shaft 25 of the motor, whereby air is delivered under pressure through the housing into th'e chamber therebelow formed in thelcasing 21 and uid fuel from the pipe 26 leading to a source of iiuid fuel, not shown, passes through the fluid fuel valve in the casing 27 to the metering pump 24, and metered thereby into the pressure pump 29 which at the same timey draws air through the air muffler 30 and delivers. air and oil through the pipe 31 to deliver the fluid fuelunder pressure at the nozzle 32 by way of the float chamber 33 in accordance with said applicants prior Patent No. 1,831,277. An ignition device, in the'form of electrodes 34 supported in thewalls of the casing 21 and extending in advance'of the nozzle 32 land connected to a transformer 34a, is provided to ignitethe'fuel in the usual manner of devices of this type.`

It is preferable to mount the electrodes 34 of the ignition device in themanner shown in Figures 11 and 12, in which each lelectrode'34 is connected to the wire 34b leading to the transformer 34a by means of a connecting: bar 34c in place by the screw-threaded cap 34h threaded v on to the Vconnecting bar and closing the opening in the insulator. The insulator is inserted through an opening in the casing 21 and is provided with an outstanding iiange 234i on the outer end adapted to engage the exterior of the casing wall. An annular split key 34j is inserted in oppositely disposed grooves 34k in the walls of the insulator upon the interior of the casing and screws 341 are threaded through opposite sides of the key to engage the inner side of the casing wall to draw the flange 341 against the exterior of the wall and hold the insulator'rigidly in place.`

The casing 21 is semi-spherical in rshape and provides a somewhat spherical shaped chamber 35 for receiving the air delivered from the fan 23 at an angle tothe axis of the flue 2. The nozzle 32 and ends of the electrodes 34 pass through an opening 36 in the vertical wallv 37 in the casing 21 preferably but not necessarily concentric with the axis of the flue 2. A short cylindrical discharge or air pipe 38 withtapering walls is secured aboutthe said concentric opening 36 and is provided with a plurality of angularly disposed deflector blades 39. The space between the I' walls around said opening 36 and the periphery of the chamber 31 is preferably filled with refractory material as indicated in Figure 5 and a peep opening 40 is provided therein, covered with isinglass or other transparent heat resist- .ing material, for observing the presence or ab-` sence of the burner flame.

The air under pressure from the fan 23 enters the chamber 35 at one side of or out of alignment with, the air pipe38, expands within the chamber reducing its velocity pressurebefore passing through the air pipe 38 under only the static` pressure of the fan which allows the fuel to burn with a short flame, insures the flame burning in the combustion chamber, and reduces the veloc-l ity oi the travel of the gases 'of combustion through the passages in the iiue.

In water heaters of the character described, it is not only preferable, but almost necessary, to provide an automatic control to regulate the temperature of the water and it is a further volo-l ject of this invention to` provide a heat control in connection with the heater disclosed.

This heat control includes a casing 41 preferably mounted upon the exterior of the end closure 6, as Shown in Figures 1 and 3, which is` connected by a tube42 to a bulb 43 preferably positioned 'within the water above the flue 2, as shown in Figure 3. The other Tend of the tube 42 is connected to metallic bellows .44 Amounted within the casing41. The bulb, tube and bellows are lled with a gas or a liquid or both which `readily responds to temperature changes, such as acetone, whereby an increase in temperature causes the liquidV orga-s to expand and therebyv expand the bellows.

` ,As shown in Figure 14, ,the top of the bellows i is covered by a capf 45 having a centrally upstanding pin 46 in engagement with the underside of the pivoted lever 47.' The `opposite side of the part `rotation to the plate 51;

s y `1,991,186` i lever is engaged'by a pin 48 depending from a" flanged member 49 supporting the lowerend of `a heavy coil spring 50, the upper end of which is engaged by a circular plate 51 having diametrical- `ly opposite apertures for sliding engagementwith oppositely disposed pins 52 carried upon a gear wheel 53 whereby rotation of the gear 53 will irn- The plate 51 is screw-threaded upon a central `X'ed threaded shaft 54. The gear upon the wheel 53 `isa miter `gear meshing with the corresponding `rniter gear 55 carried upon a rotating shaft 56 lpassing through the side of the casing 41 mounting iupon the exterior thereof ahand wheel 57. Rotation of the hand `wheel in one direction transmits a rotative motion to the plate 51 causing it to increase the tension upon the spring 5d which is transmitted to the upper side of the pivoted lever 47 while rotation in the opposite direction i decreases the tension of the spring.

` Whenever the expansion of the bellows over-` H comes the tension of the sprlngan upward movef ment is imparted to the `pivoted leverv 47. A

Contact carrying arm 58 is pivoted at its lower end adjacent the free end of the pivoted lever 47 and mounts adjacent its upper free end a con` s tact 59 normallyheld in engagement with a corresponding contact 60.v Adjacent the free end of the lever 47 a projection 61 'is provided which upon upward movement is adapted to engage a `pin 62 so carried by the pivoted contact arm 58 that upon continued movement o-f the lever 47 the arm 58 will be rotated to open the contacts 59 and 60, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 14, and as soon as the bellows contracts, will allow the contacts 59 `and60 to ragainengage. The `contact 60 is electrically connected to a wire 62a which leads to binding post s3, Figuiere. The

contact 59 is connected by a wire, not shown, to the binding post 64. These binding posts are connected-,by wires355` and 66 to a junction boo:

67, as shown` in Figure `1, and are therein connected `in series with the electric circuit tothe.

motor M. i i o As shown in `Figure 13, the hand wheel 57 car'- ries an indicator 67 and the casing thereabout is calibratedinto divisions indicating degrees of temperature so thatby rotating the handiwheel to bring the pointer to the degree desired, the tension upon the spring 50 will be so regulated thatV when the water within the boiler has been heate-d `to that degree, the bellows will expand sufficiently to break the motor circuit andthe fluid burner will cease operating and, `conversely when the temperature of the water becomes lower than the desired degree, the bellows will contract and the motor circuit `willloe closed to cause the uid fuel burner to operate and again apply heat.

The fluid fuel burner is preferably provided with the usual safety devices and controls and, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 10, a commercial stack safety device 68 is preferably mounted in the reduced extension 12 of the flue 2 having the customary thermal element 469 extending therein to be subjected to the iiue gases in the same manner as in a domesticfurnaoe. Inasmuch as the stack safety is not a part of thisl invention and isa part of commercial controls? for fluidlfuel burners, it is thought that it is only necessary to state that the normal function of a stack safety is to prevent the operation of a fluid fuel burner if combustion does not occur initially when the heat control calls for heat or in the event of flame failure eration. i s The advantages of a heat control in a Water heater of this type, in which the heat is supplied eitherintermittently or continuously, according vduring the normal running op-l to requirements, is obvious. If `water is to be s drawn from the heater intermittently then the supply of heat to the Water shouldbe intermittent to maintain a supply of water of a constant temperature, on the other hand,` if i the hot water is to be drawn off continuously then the supply of i heat to the cold water entering the heater should be'continuous. The hot water is draw'noif` at the top and the cold water enters the heater atthe bottom,preferably under the iiue and is progressivelyheated as it ascends about the ue. The bulb of the heat control is preferably located in the water above the flue. By settingV the hand wheel of the heat control atthe temperature desired of `the water to bedrawn off, the heat con` trol will cause heat to be supplied to the water 4until that temperature is produced in the heater andthen discontinue the heat supply. If the water is drawn off continuously and in suflicient volume to Ycause the incoming cold water toreduce the temperature surrounding the heat control bullo,` it will act immediately to again supply heat, continuously if necessary, otherwise the heat control supplies heat tothe incoming water intermittently. The heatcontrol is actuated by the temperature of the heater water to operate the fluid `fuel burner tosupply `heat to the water in the heater whenever its temperature drops below that set by the hand wheel ofthe heat control. In `o`ther words, the heat control is automatically co-ntrolledby the temperature `of the water in the heater to automatically maintain the desired temperature in that Water.

In a water heatenithe combination of a hori-` zontal cylindrical ,Water tank provided with means foradrnitting Coldwater at the bottoni andremoving heated water from the top` thereof, with a horizontal flue passing through the water tank surrounded by the water tobe heated, a lining terial adjacent theiuel end adapted to forma combustion chamber for the fuel terminatingv in a vertical end wall cut away at the top, a closure for the opposite end of the flue `having a :reduced discharge opening therein, anda refractory de-` bustionback and forth and back again in` contact with the flue walls and then through the reduced discharge opening whereby the gases are caused to progressively approach the coolest 'water contacting the flue as the temperature of said gases progressively decreases, said baffle including a horizontal portion extending `from wall to Wall of the flue andA depending spaced apart par allel portions engaging the walls of the flue, said horizontal fportion engaging the top of the end wall of the combustion chamber and extending to the opposite end closure being cut away ad-y jacent thereto on the exterior of the depending portions and said depending parts being cut away adjacentisaid end wall with the passage formed between the depending portionsconnecting with the reduced discharg'eopening WALTER W. WILLIAMS.

`iiecting baffle extending from the end of the comm bustion chamber to the opposite end closure of the flue, `adapted to pass the heated gases of come` p 45 about the interior of the iiue of refractory mai 

